{"id":462,"date":"2025-05-04T02:49:49","date_gmt":"2025-05-04T02:49:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/?p=462"},"modified":"2025-05-04T02:49:49","modified_gmt":"2025-05-04T02:49:49","slug":"digital-detectives-teaching-young-learners-to-identify-misinformation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/?p=462","title":{"rendered":"Digital Detectives: Teaching Young Learners to Identify Misinformation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As misinformation continues to grow and becomes more difficult to detect, it is extremely important that we develop curriculum to provide students with the skills needed to be adept at recognizing misinformation. Currently, students may have one 30-45 minute class on digital media during the entire school year. The discussion may include mention of misinformation. The class is usually presented by the librarian. The content needs to be expanded. I recommend that students spend at least one period per week (40-45 minutes) learning the skills necessary to be proficient at identifying misinformation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some states have implemented digital media curriculum. The article <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2021\/08\/12\/1026993142\/illinois-is-the-first-state-to-have-high-schools-teach-news-literacy\">Illinois Is The First State to Have High Schools Teach News Literacy<\/a><\/em> indicated \u201cThere&#8217;s a widespread misconception that because young people are adept at using digital devices, that they are also skilled at making sense of the information that those devices provide.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/ed.stanford.edu\/news\/2020-election-approaches-stanford-scholars-teach-skills-judge-fact-fiction-online\">The\u00a0Stanford History Education Group\u00a0(SHEG)<\/a>, found that middle and high school students overwhelmingly failed to demonstrate the skills necessary to distinguish credible sources from unreliable ones.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/education\/k12\/articles\/what-is-media-literacy-what-parents-need-to-know\">Bobbie Eisenstock, a journalism professor at California State University<\/a> \u201cMedia literacy is an essential life skill,\u201d \u201cIt\u2019s probably more critical now than it ever has been because we live in such a complex digital society. Media technology is reshaping how we learn, play, interact, communicate and how we engage in everyday life.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/medialiteracynow.org\/policyreport\/\">The Media Literacy Policy Report <\/a>tracks how many states have passed K-12 media literacy legislation. \u00a0Currently 19 states have passed some legislation requiring schools to provide digital literacy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"Report https:\/\/medialiteracynow.org\/policyreport\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"730\" height=\"391\" src=\"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-463\" style=\"width:631px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image.png 730w, https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-300x161.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 730px) 100vw, 730px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.voanews.com\/a\/finnish-youth-taught-how-to-spot-disinformation-\/7912218.html\">\u201cFinland is . . . Europe&#8217;s most media literate country.\u201d<\/a> Finland starts teaching students about misinformation in kindergarten. <a href=\"https:\/\/issues.org\/finland-education-misinformation-social-resilience-kivinen\/\">&#8220;Exposing students to the identification of misinformation early in their education appears to be effective. This exposure can be through games.\u201d <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I developed a preliminary Digital Media Literacy curriculum for 1st and 2nd graders, specifically designed to help young students identify misinformation in pictures. The curriculum uses a visual and interactive approach, incorporating pictures into the lesson. Young learners engage and learn best through play. Repetition and hands-on activities helps strengthen their skills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Digital Media Literacy Curriculum for 1st and 2nd graders designed to help young students identify misinformation in pictures<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201cPicture This! Spot the Real from the Pretend\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Curriculum Goals<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By the end of this unit, students will be able to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Understand that not all pictures are real.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Learn how pictures can be changed or edited.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ask questions to determine if a picture is real and can be trusted.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Identify sources (parents, teachers, librarians) who can help them verify the validity of a picture.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Key Concepts<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Real versus Fake Pictures<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Context Clues from Pictures<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Asking \u201cSmart Questions\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trusting Reliable Sources (parents, teachers, librarians)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>6 Week Lesson Summary<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lesson 1: Every Picture Tells a Story<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Objective: Learn that every picture has a message.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Activity: Show a picture or photograph to the class<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Discussion: What do you see?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lesson 2: Can a Picture Lie?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Objective: Understand that pictures can be misleading.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Activity: Show an edited photo such as a dog with wings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Discussion: Is this real? Why or why not?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lesson 3: Spot the Difference<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Objective: Identify fake images.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Activity: Match pictures of real and fake animals such as a dog with two heads<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Discussion: How are the pictures different?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lesson 4: Detective Questions<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Objective: Teach 3 questions to ask:<ul><li>Who made this picture?<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Why was it made?<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Can I check if it\u2019s true?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Activity: Use a checklist to analyze pictures. (see Sample Picture Detective Checklist below)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Discussion: Why was the picture made?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lesson 5: Whose Picture Can I Trust?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Objective: Introduce trusted sources (teachers, library books, parents).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Activity: Sort pictures by source (family versus \u201cYouTube and TikTok\u201d)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Discussion: How can you trust a picture? Who can you ask?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lesson 6: Fix the Picture<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Objective: Analyze the context to determine if the picture is real.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Activity: Show zoomed-in or cropped images and students will guess what it is. Then show the students the entire picture.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Discussion: How did you feel seeing only some of the picture?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Tips<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Emphasize curiosity. Children are detectives.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use your imagination to keep students engaged.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><br><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Picture Detective Checklist<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You are a Picture Detective!<br>Let\u2019s find out if a picture is REAL or PRETEND!<br>Look at the picture. Then answer <strong>\u2705 YES \/ \u274c NO <\/strong>to each question:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Who showed me this picture?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A teacher? <a>\u2705 <strong>YES \/ <\/strong><\/a><strong>\u274c NO<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A parent? \u2705 <strong>YES \/ <\/strong><strong>\u274c NO<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A phone, tablet, or computer? \u2705 <strong>YES \/ <\/strong><strong>\u274c NO<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Does the picture look real? Is there anything strange or impossible?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Flying animal? &nbsp;\u2705 <strong>YES \/ <\/strong><strong>\u274c NO<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Giant food?&nbsp; \u2705 <strong>YES \/ <\/strong><strong>\u274c NO<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dog with glasses? \u2705 <strong>YES \/ <\/strong><strong>\u274c NO<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Can I ask someone I trust about it?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Teacher? \u2705 <strong>YES \/ <\/strong><strong>\u274c NO<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mom, Dad, or Grandma? \u2705 <strong>YES \/ <\/strong><strong>\u274c NO<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Book or website? \u2705 <strong>YES \/ <\/strong><strong>\u274c NO<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Does everything in the picture make sense? (Look for clues!)<br>Do the colors look right? \u2705 <strong>YES \/ <\/strong><strong>\u274c NO<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do the shapes look right? \u2705 <strong>YES \/ <\/strong><strong>\u274c NO<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do the people look right? \u2705 <strong>YES \/ <\/strong><strong>\u274c NO<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do the animals look right? \u2705 <strong>YES \/ <\/strong><strong>\u274c NO<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Remember: If you are not sure, it is ok to ask an adult you trust!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These questions can be printed on a worksheet or the student can complete the Picture Detective Checklist online.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Now, let\u2019s look at some pictures.<strong> <\/strong>Let&#8217;s see if you can identify the real versus fake pictures!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"731\" height=\"491\" src=\"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-464\" style=\"width:561px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-1.png 731w, https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-1-300x202.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 731px) 100vw, 731px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Which picture is real? Which picture is fake?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Are both pictures real? Are both pictures fake?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"736\" height=\"489\" src=\"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-465\" style=\"width:619px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-2.png 736w, https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-2-300x199.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 736px) 100vw, 736px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Which picture is real? Which picture is fake?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Are both pictures real? Are both pictures fake?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"745\" height=\"478\" src=\"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-466\" style=\"width:585px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-3.png 745w, https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-3-300x192.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 745px) 100vw, 745px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Which picture is real? Which picture is fake?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Are both pictures real? Are both pictures fake?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"734\" height=\"483\" src=\"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-467\" style=\"width:594px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-4.png 734w, https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-4-300x197.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 734px) 100vw, 734px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Which picture is real? Which picture is fake?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Are both pictures real? Are both pictures fake?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Let\u2019s look at some dogs!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"717\" height=\"481\" src=\"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-468\" style=\"width:578px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-5.png 717w, https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-5-300x201.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 717px) 100vw, 717px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Which picture is real? Which picture is fake?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Are both pictures real? Are both pictures fake?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"483\" src=\"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-6.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-469\" style=\"width:617px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-6.png 723w, https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-6-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Which picture is real? Which picture is fake?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Are both pictures real? Are both pictures fake?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do dogs have wings? Can dogs fly?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"423\" height=\"602\" src=\"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-470\" style=\"width:370px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-7.png 423w, https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-7-211x300.png 211w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 423px) 100vw, 423px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Is this picture real? Do dogs have 2 heads?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"497\" height=\"519\" src=\"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-471\" style=\"width:411px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-8.png 497w, https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-8-287x300.png 287w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 497px) 100vw, 497px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Is this picture real? Do dogs wear glasses?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"615\" height=\"620\" src=\"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-9.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-472\" style=\"width:445px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-9.png 615w, https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-9-298x300.png 298w, https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-9-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 615px) 100vw, 615px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Is this picture real? \u00a0Can dogs drive cars?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"592\" height=\"886\" src=\"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-473\" style=\"width:403px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-10.png 592w, https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-10-200x300.png 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 592px) 100vw, 592px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Is this picture real? Do dogs use forks and spoons to eat?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I think that using a visual and interactive approach will be effective in helping young students learn how to develop the necessary skills to identify misinformation. Games keep students engaged and help students learn while having fun. By starting at a young age, students will learn through repetition how to identify misinformation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">References<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Claybourn, Cole. <em>What Is Media Literacy? What Parents Need to Know.<\/em> US News &amp; World Report November 14, 2023.&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/education\/k12\/articles\/what-is-media-literacy-what-parents-need-to-know\">https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/education\/k12\/articles\/what-is-media-literacy-what-parents-need-to-know<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">France-Presse, Agence. <em>Finnish youth taught how to spot disinformation. <\/em>&nbsp;VOA News December 24, 2024. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.voanews.com\/a\/finnish-youth-taught-how-to-spot-disinformation-\/7912218.html\">https:\/\/www.voanews.com\/a\/finnish-youth-taught-how-to-spot-disinformation-\/7912218.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kivinen, Kari. <em>In Finland, We Make Each Schoolchild a Scientist<\/em>. Issues in Science and Technology. Vol. XXXIX, No. 3, Spring 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/issues.org\/finland-education-misinformation-social-resilience-kivinen\/\">https:\/\/issues.org\/finland-education-misinformation-social-resilience-kivinen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Media Literacy Policy Report<\/em>. Media Literacy now. <a href=\"https:\/\/medialiteracynow.org\/policyreport\/\">https:\/\/medialiteracynow.org\/policyreport\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Medlin, Peter. <em>Illinois Is The First State to Have High Schools Teach News Literacy.<\/em> NPR August 12, 2021. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2021\/08\/12\/1026993142\/illinois-is-the-first-state-to-have-high-schools-teach-news-literacy\">https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2021\/08\/12\/1026993142\/illinois-is-the-first-state-to-have-high-schools-teach-news-literacy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Spector, Carrie. <em>As the 2020 election approaches, Stanford scholars teach skills to judge fact from fiction online.<\/em> Standord Graduate School of Education. October 8, 2020.&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/ed.stanford.edu\/news\/2020-election-approaches-stanford-scholars-teach-skills-judge-fact-fiction-online\">https:\/\/ed.stanford.edu\/news\/2020-election-approaches-stanford-scholars-teach-skills-judge-fact-fiction-online<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wineburg, Sam, Joel Breakstone, Nadav Ziv, &amp; Mark Smith. <em>Educating for Misunderstanding: How Approaches to Teaching Digital Literacy Make Students Susceptible to Scammers, Rogues, Bad Actors, and Hate Mongers<\/em>. Working Paper A-21322, Stanford History Education Group, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/purl.stanford.edu\/mf412bt5333\">https:\/\/purl.stanford.edu\/mf412bt5333<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As misinformation continues to grow and becomes more difficult to detect, it is extremely important that we develop curriculum to provide students with the skills needed to be adept at recognizing misinformation. Currently, students may have one 30-45 minute class&#8230; <a href=\"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/?p=462\" class=\"readmore\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Digital Detectives: Teaching Young Learners to Identify Misinformation<\/span><span class=\"fa fa-angle-double-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-462","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","content-layout-excerpt-thumb"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/462","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=462"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/462\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":475,"href":"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/462\/revisions\/475"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=462"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=462"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leslie-burton.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=462"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}